micropython: add micropython component

components/language/micropython/docs/develop/library.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+.. _internals_library:
+
+Implementing a Module
+=====================
+
+This chapter details how to implement a core module in MicroPython.
+MicroPython modules can be one of the following:
+
+- Built-in module: A general module that is be part of the MicroPython repository.
+- User module: A module that is useful for your specific project that you maintain
+  in your own repository or private codebase.
+- Dynamic module: A module that can be deployed and imported at runtime to your device.
+
+A module in MicroPython can be implemented in one of the following locations:
+
+- py/: A core library that mirrors core CPython functionality.
+- extmod/: A CPython or MicroPython-specific module that is shared across multiple ports.
+- ports/<port>/: A port-specific module.
+
+.. note::
+   This chapter describes modules implemented in ``py/`` or core modules.
+   See :ref:`extendingmicropython` for details on implementing an external module.
+   For details on port-specific modules, see :ref:`porting_to_a_board`.
+
+Implementing a core module
+--------------------------
+
+Like CPython, MicroPython has core builtin modules that can be accessed through import statements.
+An example is the ``gc`` module discussed in :ref:`memorymanagement`.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   >>> import gc
+   >>> gc.enable()
+   >>>
+
+MicroPython has several other builtin standard/core modules like ``io``, ``array`` etc.
+Adding a new core module involves several modifications.
+
+First, create the ``C`` file in the ``py/`` directory. In this example we are adding a
+hypothetical new module ``subsystem`` in the file ``modsubsystem.c``:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   #include "py/builtin.h"
+   #include "py/runtime.h"
+
+   #if MICROPY_PY_SUBSYSTEM
+
+   // info()
+   STATIC mp_obj_t py_subsystem_info(void) {
+       return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(42);
+   }
+   MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_0(subsystem_info_obj, py_subsystem_info);
+
+   STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t mp_module_subsystem_globals_table[] = {
+       { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___name__), MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_subsystem) },
+       { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_info), MP_ROM_PTR(&subsystem_info_obj) },
+   };
+   STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(mp_module_subsystem_globals, mp_module_subsystem_globals_table);
+
+   const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_subsystem = {
+       .base = { &mp_type_module },
+       .globals = (mp_obj_dict_t *)&mp_module_subsystem_globals,
+   };
+
+   MP_REGISTER_MODULE(MP_QSTR_subsystem, mp_module_subsystem);
+
+   #endif
+
+The implementation includes a definition of all functions related to the module and adds the
+functions to the module's global table in ``mp_module_subsystem_globals_table``. It also
+creates the module object with ``mp_module_subsystem``.  The module is then registered with
+the wider system via the ``MP_REGISTER_MODULE`` macro.
+
+After building and running the modified MicroPython, the module should now be importable:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   >>> import subsystem
+   >>> subsystem.info()
+   42
+   >>>
+
+Our ``info()`` function currently returns just a single number but can be extended
+to do anything.  Similarly, more functions can be added to this new module.