micropython: add micropython component

components/language/micropython/docs/pyboard/tutorial/servo.rst

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+Controlling hobby servo motors
+==============================
+
+There are 4 dedicated connection points on the pyboard for connecting up
+hobby servo motors (see eg
+`Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servo_%28radio_control%29>`__).
+These motors have 3 wires: ground, power and signal.  On the pyboard you
+can connect them in the bottom right corner, with the signal pin on the
+far right.  Pins X1, X2, X3 and X4 are the 4 dedicated servo signal pins.
+
+.. image:: img/pyboard_servo.jpg
+
+In this picture there are male-male double adaptors to connect the servos
+to the header pins on the pyboard.
+
+The ground wire on a servo is usually the darkest coloured one, either
+black or dark brown.  The power wire will most likely be red.
+
+The power pin for the servos (labelled VIN) is connected directly to the
+input power source of the pyboard.  When powered via USB, VIN is powered
+through a diode by the 5V USB power line.  Connect to USB, the pyboard can
+power at least 4 small to medium sized servo motors.
+
+If using a battery to power the pyboard and run servo motors, make sure it
+is not greater than 6V, since this is the maximum voltage most servo motors
+can take.  (Some motors take only up to 4.8V, so check what type you are
+using.)
+
+Creating a Servo object
+-----------------------
+
+Plug in a servo to position 1 (the one with pin X1) and create a servo object
+using::
+
+    >>> servo1 = pyb.Servo(1)
+
+To change the angle of the servo use the ``angle`` method::
+
+    >>> servo1.angle(45)
+    >>> servo1.angle(-60)
+
+The angle here is measured in degrees, and ranges from about -90 to +90,
+depending on the motor.  Calling ``angle`` without parameters will return
+the current angle::
+
+    >>> servo1.angle()
+    -60
+
+Note that for some angles, the returned angle is not exactly the same as
+the angle you set, due to rounding errors in setting the pulse width.
+
+You can pass a second parameter to the ``angle`` method, which specifies how
+long to take (in milliseconds) to reach the desired angle.  For example, to
+take 1 second (1000 milliseconds) to go from the current position to 50 degrees,
+use ::
+
+     >>> servo1.angle(50, 1000)
+
+This command will return straight away and the servo will continue to move
+to the desired angle, and stop when it gets there.  You can use this feature
+as a speed control, or to synchronise 2 or more servo motors.  If we have
+another servo motor (``servo2 = pyb.Servo(2)``) then we can do ::
+
+    >>> servo1.angle(-45, 2000); servo2.angle(60, 2000)
+
+This will move the servos together, making them both take 2 seconds to
+reach their final angles.
+
+Note: the semicolon between the 2 expressions above is used so that they
+are executed one after the other when you press enter at the REPL prompt.
+In a script you don't need to do this, you can just write them one line
+after the other.
+
+Continuous rotation servos
+--------------------------
+
+So far we have been using standard servos that move to a specific angle
+and stay at that angle.  These servo motors are useful to create joints
+of a robot, or things like pan-tilt mechanisms.  Internally, the motor
+has a variable resistor (potentiometer) which measures the current angle
+and applies power to the motor proportional to how far it is from the
+desired angle.  The desired angle is set by the width of a high-pulse on
+the servo signal wire.  A pulse width of 1500 microsecond corresponds
+to the centre position (0 degrees).  The pulses are sent at 50 Hz, ie
+50 pulses per second.
+
+You can also get **continuous rotation** servo motors which turn
+continuously clockwise or counterclockwise.  The direction and speed of
+rotation is set by the pulse width on the signal wire.  A pulse width
+of 1500 microseconds corresponds to a stopped motor.  A pulse width
+smaller or larger than this means rotate one way or the other, at a
+given speed.
+
+On the pyboard, the servo object for a continuous rotation motor is
+the same as before.  In fact, using ``angle`` you can set the speed.  But
+to make it easier to understand what is intended, there is another method
+called ``speed`` which sets the speed::
+
+    >>> servo1.speed(30)
+
+``speed`` has the same functionality as ``angle``: you can get the speed,
+set it, and set it with a time to reach the final speed. ::
+
+    >>> servo1.speed()
+    30
+    >>> servo1.speed(-20)
+    >>> servo1.speed(0, 2000)
+
+The final command above will set the motor to stop, but take 2 seconds
+to do it.  This is essentially a control over the acceleration of the
+continuous servo.
+
+A servo speed of 100 (or -100) is considered maximum speed, but actually
+you can go a bit faster than that, depending on the particular motor.
+
+The only difference between the ``angle`` and ``speed`` methods (apart from
+the name) is the way the input numbers (angle or speed) are converted to
+a pulse width.
+
+Calibration
+-----------
+
+The conversion from angle or speed to pulse width is done by the servo
+object using its calibration values.  To get the current calibration,
+use ::
+
+    >>> servo1.calibration()
+    (640, 2420, 1500, 2470, 2200)
+
+There are 5 numbers here, which have meaning:
+
+1. Minimum pulse width; the smallest pulse width that the servo accepts.
+2. Maximum pulse width; the largest pulse width that the servo accepts.
+3. Centre pulse width; the pulse width that puts the servo at 0 degrees
+   or 0 speed.
+4. The pulse width corresponding to 90 degrees.  This sets the conversion
+   in the method ``angle`` of angle to pulse width.
+5. The pulse width corresponding to a speed of 100.  This sets the conversion
+   in the method ``speed`` of speed to pulse width.
+
+You can recalibrate the servo (change its default values) by using::
+
+    >>> servo1.calibration(700, 2400, 1510, 2500, 2000)
+
+Of course, you would change the above values to suit your particular
+servo motor.